A variety of control reagents are needed to perform RNAi experiments. The following collection of validated control reagents are available premade for immediate delivery. Inquire for custom controls for special needs.

A successful RNAi experiment starts with good transfection. It is good practice to optimize transfection conditions for each different cell line studied as well as for each different form of nucleic acid employed (for example, large DNA plasmids often require different transfection conditions than short dsRNA oligos). It may be necessary to empirically test a number of different cationic lipids (or other approaches) to establish a protocol that performs optimally with each cell line employed. Use of a dye-labeled transfection control oligo allows for rapid, easy screening of many reagents in parallel.

When optimizing transfection methods, IDT recommends using dye-labeled oligos at 10 nM (or less); higher concentrations can increase the amount of non-specific binding which can cause background and falsely elevate the apparent success of transfection.

The following dye-labeled RNA duplexes are available for this purpose:

Product1nm5nm
TYE 563TM DS Transfection Control$78.00 USD$195.00 USD
TEX 613TM DS Transfection Control$78.00 USD$195.00 USD
Cy3TM DS Transfection Control$94.00 USD$234.00 USD
Use of dye-labeled control oligos is not sufficient by itself to optimize transfection. It is possible to get seemingly good dye-oligo uptake without delivery of the oligos into the correct cytoplasmic location for functional RNAi. Transfection conditions that "pass" the dye-labeled study should also be tested for functional knockdown using a positive control siRNA. The "HPRT-S1 DS Positive Control" duplex can be used for this purpose. When transfection is "good", these sequences reduce HPRT mRNA levels by >90% at 24 hours when used at 10 nM. Please note that the HPRT control is intended only to develop good transfection methods and is best examined at 24 or 48 hour time points. Knockdown of HPRT can slow cell growth and affect cell viability if incubation extends > 72 hours. Due to sequence similarity, the HPRT-S1 control duplex can be employed in human, mouse, rat, and Chinese hamster (CHO) cells. Other genomes may require customized controls.

Product1nm5nm
HPRT-S1 DS Positive Control (Human/Mouse/Rat)$60.00 USD$150.00 USD
HPRT-Bt DS Positive Control (Cow)$60.00 USD$150.00 USD


IDT recommends studying functional transfection efficiency by examining mRNA levels at 24 hours post transfection. Alternatively, Western blots can be performed at 48-72 hours. Validated primers for SYBR Green qRT-PCR assays are available for the following organisms:

SYBR-Green Q-PCR Primer Sets1nm5nm
HPRT SYBR-Green primers (Human)$25.00 USD$60.00 USD
HPRT SYBR-Green primers (Mouse)$25.00 USD$60.00 USD
HPRT SYBR-Green primers (Rat)$25.00 USD$60.00 USD
HPRT SYBR-Green primers (Chinese hamster)$25.00 USD$60.00 USD
HPRT SYBR-Green primers (Cow)$25.00 USD$60.00 USD


It is often useful to have cloned gene fragments available to establish quantitative standard curves when performing qRT-PCR. The assay amplicon for each of the above HPRT positive control qRT-PCR reactions has been cloned into pUC12 and sequence verified. Clones are provided as 0.5 ug of purified plasmid DNA.

Cloned Purified PlasmidsAccession #0.5 μg
0.5 µg Human HPRT Cloned qControlNM_000194$195.00 USD
0.5 µg Mouse HPRT Cloned qControlNM_013556$195.00 USD
0.5 µg Rat HPRT Cloned qControlNM_012583$195.00 USD
0.5 µg Ch Hamster HPRT Cloned qControlJ00060$195.00 USD
0.5 µg Cow HPRT Cloned qControlNM_001034035$195.00 USD


Visit www.idtdna.com for a map of the plasmid clones in PDF format.

When qRT-PCR is performed it is necessary to have an internal standard to control for RNA loading. While many different "housekeeping" gene have been used for this purpose (such as β-Actin, GAPDH, or Cyclophilin), most of these genes show fluctuation in expression levels with different treatments and are not as invariant as is needed for a true internal qRT-PCR control. IDT has developed the following SYBR-Green assays suitable for use an "internal normalization standard" in qRT-PCR analysis (ΔΔCt method):

Product1nm5nm
RPLP0 SYBR-Green primers (Human)$25.00 USD$60.00 USD
RPL23 SYBR-Green primers (Mouse)$25.00 USD$60.00 USD
RPL23 SYBR-Green primers (Rat)$25.00 USD$60.00 USD
RPL23 SYBR-Green primers (Chinese hamster)$25.00 USD$60.00 USD
RPLP0 SYBR-Green primers (Cow)$25.00 USD$60.00 USD


It is often useful to have cloned gene fragments available to establish quantitative standard curves when performing qRT-PCR. The assay amplicon for each of the above internal control qRT-PCR reactions has been cloned into pUC12 and sequence verified. Clones are provided as 0.5 ug of purified plasmid DNA.

Cloned Purified PlasmidsAccession #0.5 μg
0.5 µg Human RPLP0 Cloned qControlNM_001002$195.00 USD
0.5 µg Mouse RPL23 Cloned qControlNM_022891$195.00 USD
0.5 µg Rat RPL23 Cloned qControlNM_001007599$195.00 USD
0.5 µg Ch. Hamster RPL23 Cloned qControlNot Assigned$195.00 USD
0.5 µg Cow RPLP0 Cloned qControlNM_001012682$195.00 USD


Visit www.idtdna.com for a map of the plasmid clones in PDF format.

Reporter genes can be used both as positive controls and as negative controls and so are very useful reagents. If your cell line expresses the reporter either stably or via co-transfection of an expression plasmid, the anti-EGFP or anti-FLuc DsiRNAs can function as a positive control. If your cell line does not express these reporter genes, then the anti-EGFP or anti-FLuc DsiRNAs can function as negative controls. Importantly, these DsiRNAs are validated, functional duplexes with known efficient RISC loading and so offer an added level of "control" that non-targeting sequences cannot offer. Note that these duplexes target standard enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or firefly luciferase (FLuc) and not newer, codon optimized variants (for example, FLuc-S1 will target the firefly luciferase gene in pGL2 and pGL3 but not pGL4 vectors).

Product1nm5nm
EGFP-S1 DS Positive Control$60.00 USD$150.00 USD
FLuc-S1 DS Positive Control$60.00 USD$150.00 USD
A negative control duplex has been developed which does not target any sequence in the human, mouse, or rat transcriptomes. It can be employed as a "universal negative control" for DsiRNA transfections. This is a non-targeting sequence. The EGFP and FLuc DsiRNAs may also be used as negative controls if functional, targeting duplexes are desired (see above).

Product1nm5nm
DS Scrambled Neg$60.00 USD$150.00 USD